{"id":32773,"date":"2019-03-21T15:22:11","date_gmt":"2019-03-21T19:22:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wework.com\/creator\/creator\/?p=32773"},"modified":"2020-02-26T14:30:13","modified_gmt":"2020-02-26T19:30:13","slug":"the-woman-who-shaped-modern-office-design","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wework.com\/ideas\/research-insights\/expert-insights\/the-woman-who-shaped-modern-office-design","title":{"rendered":"The woman who shaped modern office design"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">If you\u2019ve ever sat in a Womb Chair or marveled at the period styling of the <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mad Men<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> offices, you\u2019ve seen the design influence of Florence Knoll Bassett, a pioneer of American modernism, who passed away in January at age 101. An architect and designer who worked deftly across media, Knoll Bassett\u2014born Florence Schust, and known to close friends as \u201cShu\u201d\u2014had a rare seat at the table in a time when the design and architecture industry was even more heavily male-dominated than it is today. She remains an inspiration for her countless contributions to design. Below are just a few of Knoll Bassett\u2019s lasting influences.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2  id=\"her-furniture-designs-exemplified-the-ethos-of-20th-century-modernism\"class=\"wp-block-heading\"><b><strong>Her furniture designs exemplified the ethos of 20th-century modernism<\/strong><\/b><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Knoll Bassett was the creative force behind Knoll Associates, the design company and furniture manufacturer founded by Hans Knoll, whom she married in 1946, becoming partners in both life and work. After his untimely death in 1955, Knoll Bassett stepped up to take the reins of the company, serving as president until 1960, and director of design until 1965, when she retired.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Her classic furnishings from this period channeled International Style architecture\u2014precise, spare rectilinear forms with a visual lightness\u2014at an intimate, human scale. While these early works have since reached iconic status, Knoll\u2019s initial goals were less lofty. She referred to her stylish yet highly sensible range of sofas, desks, and tables, which comprised nearly half of the company\u2019s collection, as the \u201cmeat and potatoes\u201d basis needed for furnishing the modern home or office. <\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The spare, geometric minimalism of Knoll\u2019s functional designs, while modestly conceived as \u201cbackground architecture\u201d for the modern workplace, resonated with the modern era\u2014and&nbsp;replaced the stuffy traditional pieces that were ill-suited to the midcentury boom of high-rise office towers and glass skyscrapers. Today, Knoll Bassett\u2019s furniture designs are held in the permanent collections of several museums, including New York\u2019s Museum of Modern Art and the Mus\u00e9e des Arts Decoratifs in Paris, even as many of these seminal works have remained in continuous production. Others, such as the Hairpin Stacking Table (based on her Model 75 stacking stool, first designed in 1948), have recently been reintroduced and brought back into production.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignnone wp-image-32785 size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2019\/03\/CBS-800x571.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-32785\"\/><figcaption>CBS interiors designed by Florence Knoll Bassett.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2  id=\"she-shaped-the-look-and-feel-of-the-postwar-american-workplace\"class=\"wp-block-heading\"><b><strong>She shaped the look and feel of the postwar American workplace<\/strong><\/b><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">To Knoll Bassett, furniture was but one element of an all-encompassing whole. In 1945, she significantly transformed the look of the American office with the founding of the Knoll Planning Unit, an in-house architecture studio that consulted on space planning for Knoll\u2019s corporate clients. Together, the small team planned and designed corporate headquarters for companies such as Seagram\u2019s, IBM, CBS, GM, and <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><em>Look<\/em><\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> magazine\u2014all of which occupied some of the era\u2019s most innovative buildings\u2014with the assertion that modern buildings necessitated modern interiors. <\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">These projects presented an optimistic reworking of professional workspaces, channeling transparency, order, and flexibility in a contrast to the dark, heavy interiors of the past. The far-reaching influence of the Planning Unit, which came to be known as \u201cShu U,\u201d also served as a de facto incubator for young designers who would go on to other architecture firms and start in-house interior design divisions, similarly modeled around Knoll Bassett\u2019s pioneering approach.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2  id=\"she-raised-the-bar-for-design-retail\"class=\"wp-block-heading\"><b>She raised the bar for design retail<\/b><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In 1947, Knoll Bassett was inspired to establish what\u2019s now known as Knoll Textiles. \u201cIt became apparent to me that suitable textiles were not available for our furniture and interiors,\u201d&nbsp;she wrote, matter-of-factly noting a void in the market for custom upholstery that could work with the pared-back style of modern furniture.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Launched with fabrics drawn from men\u2019s suiting, the collection elevated contract furnishings and, with the addition of signature offerings, led to the opening of a dedicated textiles showroom that raised the bar for design retail. Designed with Herbert Matter, the displays featured cardboard-backed swatches and an immaculate gridded display of the division\u2019s many textiles\u2014retail innovations that quickly became the industry standard, admired and emulated by competitors.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignnone wp-image-32787 size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2019\/03\/restaurant-800x571.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-32787\"\/><figcaption>Restaurant at the Idlewild Airport (later renamed John F. Kennedy International Airport) designed by Florence Knoll Bassett.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2  id=\"she-brought-us-works-from-some-of-the-midcentury-eras-greatest-designers\"class=\"wp-block-heading\"><b>She brought us works from some of the midcentury era\u2019s greatest designers<\/b><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Orphaned at a young age and taken under the wing of the Finnish-American architect Eliel Saarinen and his family, who became lifelong friends, Knoll Bassett\u2019s personal life was intimately intertwined with some of the midcentury era\u2019s greatest designers and architects. Through her work at Knoll, she not only commissioned a number of classic works by these 20th-century masters, but visibly credited, licensed, and established royalties for designers, a model that has since become de rigueur. <\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Anyone with a passing interest in design would recognize many of these famous chair designs, which have remained in production for decades. Among these are the classic wire-grid chairs by Harry Bertoia, a sculptor and classmate of Shu\u2019s from the Cranbrook Academy of Art; and the sinuous, enveloping Womb Chair by Eero Saarinen, son of Eliel, and a close friend since childhood. She also brought into production the steel-and-leather Barcelona chair, which originally debuted at the 1929 Barcelona Pavilion by Lilly Reich and Bauhaus master Ludwig Mies Van Der Rohe; the latter was a mentor and teacher whose work heavily influenced Knoll Bassett\u2019s own.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignnone wp-image-32788 size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2019\/03\/ConnGeneralBoardRoomLounge-1-800x571.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-32788\"\/><figcaption>Connecticut General building board room lounge designed by Florence Knoll Bassett.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2  id=\"she-was-an-active-example-of-total-design-and-an-inspiring-figure-behind-many-firsts\"class=\"wp-block-heading\"><b>She was an active example of \u201ctotal design\u201d\u2014and an inspiring figure behind many firsts<\/b><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Knoll Bassett eschewed gendered roles and practiced \u201ctotal design\u201d\u2014an approach that considered all parts and elements of an environment in its entirety\u2014fully in her multidisciplinary work, which spanned architecture, workspaces, interiors, furniture, textiles, graphics, and retail spaces.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">As Knoll Bassett firmly and famously asserted in a 1964 <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><em>New York Times<\/em><\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> profile, \u201cI am not a decorator.\u201d Her drive and talents pushed the rigor and range of modern design\u2014as well as a path for women\u2014forward in history. As the same <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Times<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> piece noted, she was \u201cthe single most powerful figure in the field of modern design.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Florence Knoll Bassett was a trailblazer of midcentury modern design\u2014and her influence is everywhere today<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1776,"featured_media":32775,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[43906,43901],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-32773","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-expert-insights","category-research-insights"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.4 (Yoast SEO v25.3.1) - 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